An invention is a technical solution to a specific problem in a given field. It may relate to:
- a product
- a process
- or a particular use.
An invention may also consist of an improvement or adaptation of an existing product or process, provided it has a new and useful technical feature.
For an invention to be patentable, it must meet four criteria:
- It must be technical and not fall within any of the excluded fields (scientific discovery, mathematical theory, computer program, commercial method, game rule, artistic work, therapeutic or surgical method), nor be contrary to public order or morality.
- It must be new.
- It must not be obvious to a person skilled in the art in view of the prior art.
- It must be capable of being manufactured or used in a practical or industrial context.
When these conditions are met, the invention can be protected by a patent, which grants its owner an exclusive right to exploit the invention, generally valid for 20 years from the filing date. This right prevents third parties from manufacturing, using, selling, or distributing the invention without authorization. In return, the applicant discloses the invention, allowing the scientific and industrial community to benefit from it once the protection has expired.